第三节 无穷小量与无穷大量
无穷小量的性质
重要程度:7 分
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<h2>无穷小量的性质</h2>
<p><strong>性质1:</strong>有限个无穷小量的代数和仍是无穷小量。</p>
<p><strong>举例:</strong>设\( \alpha(x) \)和\( \beta(x) \)都是当\( x \to x_0 \)时的无穷小量,则\( \alpha(x) + \beta(x) \)也是当\( x \to x_0 \)时的无穷小量。</p>
<p><strong>性质2:</strong>有限个无穷小量的乘积仍是无穷小量。</p>
<p><strong>举例:</strong>设\( \alpha(x) \)和\( \beta(x) \)都是当\( x \to x_0 \)时的无穷小量,则\( \alpha(x) \cdot \beta(x) \)也是当\( x \to x_0 \)时的无穷小量。</p>
<p><strong>性质3:</strong>有界函数与无穷小量的乘积仍是无穷小量。</p>
<p><strong>举例:</strong>设\( f(x) \)是有界函数,即存在常数\( M > 0 \),使得对所有\( x \),有\( |f(x)| \leq M \),而\( \alpha(x) \)是当\( x \to x_0 \)时的无穷小量,则\( f(x) \cdot \alpha(x) \)也是当\( x \to x_0 \)时的无穷小量。</p>
<p><strong>性质4:</strong>若\( \lim_{x \to x_0} f(x) = A \neq 0 \),则\( f(x) \)与\( \alpha(x) \)同阶无穷小。</p>
<p><strong>举例:</strong>若\( \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1 \),则\( \sin x \)与\( x \)在\( x \to 0 \)时是同阶无穷小。</p>
<p><strong>性质5:</strong>若\( \lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{f(x)}{\alpha(x)} = A \neq 0 \),则\( f(x) \)与\( \alpha(x) \)是等价无穷小。</p>
<p><strong>举例:</strong>若\( \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1 \),则\( \sin x \)与\( x \)在\( x \to 0 \)时是等价无穷小。</p>
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