语法与句子结构
非谓语动词
重要程度：7 分
## 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指那些在句子中不能独立充当谓语的动词形式。它们包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
### 1. 不定式
不定式由“**to + 动词原形**”构成，可以在句子中充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。
#### 示例：
- **主语：** To learn English well is my goal.
- **宾语：** I hope to pass the exam.
- **表语：** My ambition is to become an engineer.
- **定语：** He has a desire to travel the world.
- **状语：** She came here to see you.
### 2. 动名词
动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式，在句子中也可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
#### 示例：
- **主语：** **Studying** hard can lead to success.
- **宾语：** I enjoy **reading** books.
- **表语：** His hobby is **playing** football.
- **定语：** There is a **swimming** pool in our school.
### 3. 分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们都可以作定语、表语、宾补或状语。
#### 现在分词
现在分词表示主动关系，形式为动词+ing。
#### 示例：
- **定语：** The **running** water is very clean.
- **表语：** The movie was **exciting**.
- **宾补：** I found him **working** in the library.
- **状语：** **Smiling**, she walked into the room.
#### 过去分词
过去分词表示被动关系，形式为动词+ed（或不规则变化）。
#### 示例：
- **定语：** The **written** test was difficult.
- **表语：** The story was **told** many times.
- **宾补：** We saw the problem **solved**.
- **状语：** **Surprised**, he looked at her with wide eyes.
### 综合例题
下面是一个综合运用非谓语动词的例子，请试着分析并选择正确答案。
#### 例题：
The teacher, **( )** by the students, felt very happy.
A) praised
B) praising
C) to praise
D) being praised
#### 解析：
这里需要一个表示被动的分词短语作为状语，因此正确答案是 D) being praised。
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通过上述内容，希望你对非谓语动词有了更清晰的理解。